Article
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Cartilage Pathophysiology; Contributing Factors to Apoptosis and Osteoarthritis
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
(2017)
Abstract
Chondrocytes of the growth plate undergo apoptosis during the process of endochondral ossification, as well as during the progression of osteoarthritis. Although the regulation of this process is not completely understood, alterations in the precisely orchestrated programmed cell death during development can have catastrophic results, as exemplified by several chondrodystrophies which are frequently accompanied by early onset osteoarthritis. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie chondrocyte apoptosis during endochondral ossification in the growth plate has the potential to impact the development of therapeutic applications for chondrodystrophies and associated early onset osteoarthritis. In recent years, several chondrodysplasias and collagenopathies have been recognized as protein-folding diseases that lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress, endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, and the unfolded protein response. Under conditions of prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress in which the protein folding load outweighs the folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum, cellular dysfunction and death often occur. However, unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling is also required for the normal maturation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Understanding how UPR signaling may contribute to cartilage pathophysiology is an essential step toward therapeutic modulation of skeletal disorders that lead to osteoarthritis.
Keywords
- chondrocyte,
- osteoarthritis,
- endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress,
- unfolded protein response,
- endochrondral ossification
Disciplines
Publication Date
March, 2017
DOI
10.3390/ijms18030665
Citation Information
Alexandria Hughes, Alexandra E. Oxford, Ken Tawara, Cheryl L. Jorcyk, et al.. "Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Cartilage Pathophysiology; Contributing Factors to Apoptosis and Osteoarthritis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 18 Iss. 3 (2017) p. 665-1 - 665-18 ISSN: 14220067 Available at: http://works.bepress.com/julia_oxford/57/
Creative Commons license
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC_BY International License.